A gulf, sea, or bay is an extension of a larger body, typically one of the major oceans or seas. The general term is that these bodies are an arm of the larger body.
One exception is the Caspian Sea, which is a large brackish lake.
* The name "bay" is often given to a more "enclosed" body than a gulf, which is seldom so enclosed. One definition of "bay" requires it to be bordered by land on three sides.
* Some bodies called "gulfs" are actual very wide "straits" (bordered only on two sides) that connect oceans and seas.
A body of fresh water surrounded by land is called a lake. Lakes can vary in size and shape and provide habitats for a variety of plants and animals.
A puddle is a small body of water that forms on the ground after it rains.
A small body of water that flows across the land is called a stream or a creek. These water bodies are usually shallow and can vary in size from a trickle to a larger body of water.
That is called a lake.
The point in the body of fresh water that is most likely to have no plants growing is the deepest part of the water, as light may not reach that far down for photosynthesis to occur.
It is a fresh water stream.
stream
A "tributary".
A small body if fresh water in the middle of the desert is known as an oasis.
A stream, a small body of flowing water.
Lake or pond
It is known as an Oasis.
a river
a river
A homonym for "small stream" is "brook." Both "stream" and "brook" refer to a small body of water flowing naturally in a specific direction.
the large body of water that flows across the land is a river.
Fresh water...