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In long term forecasts, which predict overall weather patterns, different instruments are used including thermometers, barometers, hygrometer and anemometers to measure temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed and direction. Some of these instruments can be mounted on weather balloons. Information such as this is then fed into supercomputers that run forecast models. This can be used to predict if overall conditions favor the formation of tornadoes, but not where specific tornadoes will occur.

In the short term, doppler radar can be used to detect rotation and, with recent advances, tornadic debris, within a thunderstorm. This can be used to determine if a tornado may form soon, or if one is already occurring.

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