During overturn of a standing water body, the temperature and density of the water causes mixing of surface and deep waters. This can result in the redistribution of nutrients and oxygen throughout the water column, affecting the ecosystem. Overturn can also bring nutrient-rich waters from the bottom to the surface, promoting primary productivity.
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Surface water, runoff, or standing water.
Any water that collects on the ground is called standing water. This can be in the form of puddles, ponds, or other bodies of water that do not flow or drain away. Standing water can pose a risk for breeding mosquitoes and other insects.
During a drought, the levels of both surface water (such as rivers, lakes, and reservoirs) and groundwater drop significantly due to decreased precipitation and increased evaporation. This reduction in water levels can lead to water shortages, affecting ecosystems, agriculture, and human communities that rely on these water sources.
During a prolonged drought, the volume of water that passes from groundwater to streams decreases. This is because there is less water available in the groundwater system due to reduced recharge from precipitation. As a result, streams receive less water from groundwater, leading to lower streamflow levels.
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