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Flash flooding occurs when water suddenly flows over land that is usually dry, typically due to heavy rainfall or rapid snowmelt. This sudden overflow of water can be dangerous and damaging, causing property damage and posing risks to human life.
A small body of water that flows across the land is called a stream or a creek. These water bodies are usually shallow and can vary in size from a trickle to a larger body of water.
A large stream of water that flows into a larger body of water is called a river. Rivers are important for ecosystems, transportation, and providing water for human consumption and agriculture.
Mud flows are fast-moving mixtures of water, rock, soil, and debris that flow downhill due to gravity, while earth flows are slower-moving landslides involving saturated soil and rock. Mud flows tend to occur in areas with heavy rainfall or snowmelt, while earth flows are usually triggered by saturation of soil from prolonged rainfall or leaking water pipes. Mud flows have a higher water content and move more quickly than earth flows.
Water runoff forms small streams or rivulets as it flows over the ground or landscape. These small channels can carry water to larger bodies of water, such as rivers or lakes. Runoff can occur naturally from rain or snowmelt, or it can be artificially created by human activities like irrigation or urban development.
Earth's water cycle involves evaporation of water from the oceans, lakes, and rivers, which forms clouds. The clouds precipitate rain or snow, replenishing bodies of water on Earth. The water then flows into rivers, eventually returning to the oceans to complete the cycle.