Elements which have d-orbitals (i. e. n=3 or higher) can form compounds with an expanded octet. Some examples are;
Neon does not typically form ionic compounds because it already has a full valence shell with 8 electrons, satisfying the octet rule. Its electron configuration (1s^2 2s^2 2p^6) makes it very stable and unreactive with other elements.
Helium is an element that typically does not form compounds due to its stable electronic configuration with a full outer shell of electrons.
Sodium typically loses its one valence electron to achieve a stable electron configuration, resembling the nearest noble gas (Neon), thereby obeying the octet rule. This electron loss allows sodium to form a stable ionic bond with other elements by attaining a complete outer shell with 8 electrons.
That's correct. Oxygen, sulfur, and selenium typically form ions with a charge of -2 by gaining two electrons to achieve a stable octet. Fluorine, chlorine, and bromine usually form ions with a charge of -1 by gaining one electron to achieve a stable octet.
PF5 obeys the octet rule as it has 5 bonding pairs of electrons around the central phosphorus atom, satisfying the octet. Cs2 does not follow the octet rule as Cs is in Group 1 and can only form ionic bonds. BBr3 is an exception to the octet rule as boron has only 6 electrons around it due to the empty d orbital. CO3 2- also obeys the octet rule as each oxygen atom has a complete octet.
Elements in the third period or beyond (Si and beyond) in the periodic table can form compounds with expanded octets. This includes elements such as sulfur, phosphorus, chlorine, and xenon. These elements can often exceed the octet rule by forming more than 8 electrons in their valence shell in some compounds.
Phosphorus can have an expanded octet because it has empty d orbitals in its valence shell, allowing it to accommodate more than eight electrons and form more than four bonds.
To complete their octet
No, xenon does not always follow the octet rule. It is a noble gas and can form stable compounds that have more than eight electrons around the xenon atom, known as expanded octet.
Xenon can achieve a stable octet by forming compounds with elements that can share their electrons with xenon. For example, xenon can form compounds with fluorine, chlorine, or oxygen where xenon acts as the central atom and bonds with these more electronegative elements to complete its octet.
Uranium typically forms compounds where it does not have an octet due to its ability to expand its valence shell beyond eight electrons. Uranium can often exceed the octet rule in its bonding arrangements.
The octet rule does not apply to all elements, especially those with more than 8 valence electrons. It also does not explain the bonding in molecules with odd numbers of electrons or in species with expanded octets, such as phosphorus pentachloride. Additionally, the rule is a simplification and does not account for molecular geometry and resonance structures.
Boron typically forms compounds by sharing electrons, rather than obtaining a full octet. It can form compounds with elements such as hydrogen and fluorine, but it often displays unique bonding patterns due to its electron deficiency.
The octet rule states that atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve a stable configuration with 8 electrons in the outermost shell. Elements that already have a complete octet, such as noble gases, are stable and less likely to form chemical bonds, making them less reactive. Conversely, elements that do not have a complete octet in their outer shell are more likely to react with other elements to achieve stability, thus they are more reactive.
Sulfur can utilize an expanded octet because it has empty d orbitals in its third energy level, allowing it to accommodate more than 8 electrons. Oxygen, on the other hand, does not have d orbitals in its third energy level, limiting its ability to form more than 8 electrons in its valence shell.
Elements bond to form compounds and thereby try to gain better stability by getting octet configuration.
The correct answer is "expanded form".