calcium
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Helium is stable with 2 valence electrons. It has a full outer electron shell, making it chemically inert and stable.
Helium has two valence electrons. It is the only noble gas not to have eight valence electrons. Helium has the electronic configuration 1s2.The Noble gases have eight valence electrons in their outer shell.
The element with a mass number of 40 and 2 valence electrons is calcium (Ca).
Sulfur can form ions by gaining two electrons to attain a full outer electron shell, forming the sulfide ion (S^2-). This allows sulfur to achieve a stable electron configuration similar to that of a noble gas.
Calcium is in group 2 of the periodic table, so it has 2 valence electrons. Group number corresponds to the number of valence electrons in an element.
The most probable ion of beryllium is Be^2+ because it loses its two valence electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration.