The primary effects of flooding include loss of life, damage to buildings and other structures, including bridges, sewerage systems, roadways, and canals.
Infrastructure damage also frequently damages power transmission and sometimes power generation, which then has knock-on effects caused by the loss of power. This includes loss of drinking water treatment and water supply, which may result in loss of drinking water or severe water contamination. It may also cause the loss of sewage disposal facilities. Lack of clean water combined with human sewage in the flood waters raises the risk of waterborne diseases, which can include typhoid, giardia, cryptosporidium, cholera and many other diseases depending upon the location of the flood.
Damage to roads and transport infrastructure may make it difficult to mobilise aid to those affected or to provide emergency health treatment.
Flood waters typically inundate farm land, making the land unworkable and preventing crops from being planted or harvested, which can lead to shortages of food both for humans and farm animals. Entire harvests for a country can be lost in extreme flood circumstances. Some tree species may not survive prolonged flooding of their root systems
Secondary and long-term effectsEconomic hardship due to a temporary decline in tourism, rebuilding costs, or food shortages leading to price increases is a common after-effect of severe flooding. The impact on those affected may cause psychological damage to those affected, in particular where deaths, serious injuries and loss of property occur.
BenefitsFloods (in particular more frequent or smaller floods) can also bring many benefits, such as recharging ground water, making soil more fertile and increasing nutrients in some soils. Flood waters provide much needed water resources in arid and semi-arid regions where precipitation can be very unevenly distributed throughout the year. Freshwater floods particularly play an important role in maintaining ecosystems in river corridors and are a key factor in maintaining floodplain biodiversity.[10]Flooding can spread nutrients to lakes and rivers, which can lead to increased biomass and improved fisheries for a few years.
For some fish species, an inundated floodplain may form a highly suitable location for spawning with few predators and enhanced levels of nutrients or food.[11]Fish, such as the weather fish, make use of floods in order to reach new habitats. Bird populations may also profit from the boost in food production caused by flooding.
Periodic flooding was essential to the well-being of ancient communities along the Tigris-Euphrates Rivers, the Nile River, the Indus River, the Ganges and the Yellow River among others. The viability of hydropower, a renewable source of energy, is also higher in flood prone regions.
Pros of non-renewable energy include reliability and ease of production, while cons include environmental pollution, contribution to climate change, and depletion of finite resources like coal, oil, and natural gas.
Pros of uranium-238 include its abundance and energy potential for nuclear power generation. However, uranium-238 is not fissile and requires enrichment to be used as fuel, which can be costly and raises proliferation concerns.
Pros of oil shale energy include abundant domestic supply, potential for energy independence, and the ability to extract oil from unconventional sources. However, the cons include high production costs, environmental damage from extraction methods, and the release of greenhouse gases during processing.
Pros: Reduced energy consumption and carbon emissions, conservation of natural resources, cost savings, and diversion of waste from landfills. Cons: Potential decrease in product quality, higher upfront costs for equipment and processes, contamination risks in the recycling process, and limited availability of high-quality recycled materials.
Pros: Potential for discovering life beyond Earth due to its subsurface ocean, unique geological features like icy crust and geysers, protected from radiation by thick ice shell. Cons: Harsh environmental conditions such as extreme cold and high radiation levels, challenging and expensive to establish and maintain a human presence, limited access to natural resources for sustained living.
pros: trade fresh water transportation good soil for farming Cons: flooding carrying disease
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PROS CONS ----------------------------------------------------- Pros: Entertaining Cons: Mental conditions can be caused, Adicition, Expensive.
Cons? What Cons?
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