A substance with 13 protons in each atom is aluminum. With 14 neutrons, it has a mass number of 13 + 14 = 27, and with only 10 electrons is has 13 - 10 = 3 net positive charges. This can be written as 27Al+3.
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The number of protons determines the element, so Substance X has 13 protons, which corresponds to the element Aluminum (symbol Al). The number of protons and neutrons combined give the Atomic Mass of Substance X, so it has an atomic mass of 13 + 14 = 27.
protons and neutrons in an atom. It is the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
The centre of an atom is called the nucleus. The nucleus contains protons, which have a positive charge and neutrons which have no charge. Electrons are also subatomic particles but they go around the nucleus so they are not in the centre.
The isotope with 16 protons and 15 neutrons is oxygen-31.
The mass number of an atom is the sum of the protons and neutrons in its nucleus. Therefore, for an atom of calcium with 20 protons and 20 neutrons, the mass number would be 40.
Carbon-12 has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons. The number of protons determines the element (carbon), the number of neutrons plus protons gives the mass number (12), and in a neutral atom, the number of electrons equals the number of protons.