Two of the factors that make soil are climate and living organisms.
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Two factors that contribute to soil formation are the weathering of rocks and the decomposition of organic matter. These processes break down rocks into smaller particles and release nutrients that support the growth of plant life.
Subsoil is the layer of soil beneath topsoil, containing less organic matter and typically higher concentrations of clay and minerals. Topsoil is the uppermost layer of soil, rich in organic matter and nutrients necessary for plant growth.
In loamy soil, the ideal proportion of soil particles is approximately 40% sand, 40% silt, and 20% clay. This balance allows for good drainage, water retention, and fertility, making it ideal for plant growth.
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Perlite is a lightweight, white, porous material that resembles small, irregularly-shaped white beads. It is commonly used in gardening and horticulture as a soil amendment to improve aeration and drainage.
Centrifugal force plays a role in river erosion by helping to move sediment downstream as the river curves or meanders. As the water flows around a bend, centrifugal force pushes the sediment towards the outer bank, leading to erosion on the outer bank and deposition on the inner bank. This process can contribute to shaping the river channel over time.