Compaction is the process of pore space reduction due to pressure exerted, normally by overburden weight. Shale would be produced by the process of lithification, which includes the individual steps of compaction and cementation of particles of sediment. Cementation occurs as mineral crystals precipitate from the water removed by compaction, binding the sedimentary particles together into rock.
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Shale rock is formed from the accumulation of sedimentary particles like clay, silt, and minerals in a low-energy environment such as deep marine basins or lake bottoms. Over time, these particles are compressed and cemented together to create solid shale rock. The fine-grained nature of shale allows it to retain a record of past environments and organic matter.
The mineral grains in the mud or silt can become cemented together by precipitating minerals which are formed as the fluid escapes, in a process called cementation. Once the particles are cemented together, sedimentary rock is formed.
This is known broadly as lithification. It involves the processes of compaction and cementation. However in this specific question you only refer to the compaction process (the act of removing water and air or more technically reducing the void ratio or porosity),
Shale is the compressed result of very fine eroded particles carried by water and deposited in calm marine conditions as sediment. This is typical of shallow water deposition with minimal current or tidal activity. The exceptionally small particles in shale are ideal for preserving the surface details of fossils.
Slate is formed from the metamorphism of shale or mudstone. This process involves intense heat and pressure which causes the shale to recrystallize into a fine-grained, foliated rock with excellent cleavage properties.
Shale is a sedimentary rock formed from the compaction of fine-grained sediment such as mud or clay.
Sedimentary rocks are formed when rock particles are cemented and compacted together. Examples include sandstone, limestone, and shale.
Basalt is a fine-grained, dark-colored volcanic rock that is rich in iron and magnesium minerals, formed from lava flows. Shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock composed of clay minerals that have been compacted and hardened over time. Basalt is igneous in origin, formed from magma, while shale is sedimentary, formed from the accumulation of clay and silt particles.
The sedimentary rock formed from tiny particles of clay in thin, flat layers is called shale. I hope this was helpful:)