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Barium has an atomic number of 56, which means that it has 56 protons. Thus, to have a neutral charge, it must carry 56 electrons as well. The Atomic Mass of Barium is 137.33, which means that the most common isotope of Barium should weight 137 atomic mass units. Subtract the weight of the protons (electrons being so small as to not matter in the overall weight), and you have the weight of the neutrons, 81 amus. Given that one neutron equals one amu, there are 81 neutrons in the most common isotope of Barium.

56 protons

56 electrons

81 neutrons
Barium has an atomic number of 56 and therefore has 56 each of protons and electrons. The number of neutrons is the mass number minus the atomic number:

137 - 56 = 81 neutrons.
Neutrons 81 or 82

electrons 56

protons 56

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