Sodium is in the third group in the Periodic Table. It meens that sodium has three shell. First shell - 2 electrons, second shell - 8 electrons, third shell (outer energy level) - 1 electron.
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4V V-Valence Electrons Valence Electrons-Last electron (which is on the outer shell)
Silicon has 4 electrons in its outer shell.
The outer shell (N=4) of the copper element has 2 electrons.
A sodium atom has one outer ring electron. Sodium belongs to Group 1 of the periodic table, so it has one electron in its outermost electron shell.
Two electrons are needed to fill the outer shell of a sodium atom. The outer shell for sodium is the 3s sublevel. A neutral sodium atom has one electron in its 3s sublevel. Since atoms undergo chemical bonding in order to gain a noble gas electron configuration, called an octet, sodium atoms will lose their single 3s electron, becoming sodium atoms with a 1+ charge. By doing this, sodium ions become isoelectric with the noble gas neon, and achieve an octet, becoming stable.