As of 2006, scientists know of 117 different elements
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Scientists have discovered approximately 118 elements on the Periodic Table as of now. However, some of these elements have only been created in laboratory settings and are highly unstable.
Many of the first discovered elements were named by their discoverer or the location where they were discovered, such as hydrogen, named by Antoine Lavoisier, and uranium, named after the planet Uranus.
In 1860, there were 92 known elements.
Two elements were discovered in 1830: terbium and cerium. Terbium was discovered by Swedish chemist Carl Gustaf Mosander, while cerium was independently discovered by Swedish chemist Jöns Jacob Berzelius and German chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth.
Many elements were not discovered before the 17th century because the technology and scientific methods necessary for their discovery were not yet developed. Additionally, the concept of elements as fundamental building blocks of matter was not fully understood until the advent of modern chemistry in the 18th century.
How many known elements were there in 1789? Short answer = more than 63 Longer answer = In the 1860's Mendeleev organized the 63 known elements. After this organization there was a boom of new elements being discovered (because we now knew what we were looking for). I'm sure further research would turn up a better answer. Source: Prentice Hall's Physical Science textbook (2006)