Thermal energy transfer in the hydrologic cycle occurs primarily through the processes of evaporation and condensation. When water evaporates from the surface of oceans, lakes, and rivers, it absorbs heat energy from the surroundings, cooling them down. As the water vapor rises and condenses to form clouds, this heat energy is released back into the atmosphere, influencing weather patterns and the overall climate.
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The hydrologic cycle is powered by solar energy, which drives evaporation and precipitation. The tectonic cycle is powered by heat from the Earth's interior, which drives plate tectonics and volcanic activity.
Approximately 505,000 cubic kilometers of water enters the hydrologic cycle annually.
The energy that powers the Earth's hydrologic and atmospheric system comes primarily from the Sun. Solar energy drives processes such as evaporation, precipitation, and wind patterns, which are essential for the functioning of the Earth's water cycle and weather systems.
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Evaporation and transpiration are the two processes in the hydrologic cycle responsible for returning water to the atmosphere. Evaporation is the process by which water changes from a liquid to a gas, primarily from surface water bodies, while transpiration is the release of water vapor from plants through their leaves.