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The four most important properties of soil are texture (particle size), structure (arrangement of particles), fertility (nutrient content), and pH level (acidity or alkalinity). These properties influence the soil's ability to support plant growth and productivity.
Soil structure is the term used to describe the arrangement of soil particles into aggregates or peds. This arrangement affects soil properties such as porosity, permeability, and root penetration.
Scientists describe soil as a complex mixture of minerals, organic matter, gases, liquids, and countless organisms. They analyze its physical, chemical, and biological properties to understand its composition and fertility. Soil is classified based on texture, structure, pH, and nutrient content.
The four brood processes of soil genesis are addition (inputs of materials to the soil), losses (outputs of materials from the soil), transformation (changes in soil material properties), and translocation (movement of materials within the soil profile).
Soil is classified taxonomically based on its physical, chemical, and biological properties. The taxonomy of soil typically includes categories such as order, suborder, great group, subgroup, family, and series. These categories are used to classify and describe the different types of soil found in various regions.