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Whisky production began in grain-growing regions (the same regions where beer was being produced) whereas the distillation of brandy developed in regions producing wine. The first traces of distilled barley go back to the 13th century in China. In those times, whiskey was considered a medicine, helping to heal all kinds of diseases. It was used as an ointment as well as a drink.
Before bearing the name of "whiskey" (or whiskey if produced in Ireland or the United States), the drink was called "Uisge Beatha", which means "Water of Life" in Gaelic. The name evolved through Anglicisation to become Usquebaugh, then Uisge and finally whiskey (a term which has been re-borrowed into Irish Gaelic as Fuisc�).
The famous historian and chronicler Rapha�l Holinshed wrote the following about the results of distillation of malted barley in his "Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland" in the 16th century:
"Being moderately taken, it slows the age, it cuts phlegm, it lightens the mind, it quickens the spirit, it cures the dropsy, it heals the strangulation, it pounces the stone, it repels gravel, it pulls away ventositie, it keeps and preserves the head from whirling, the eyes from dazzling, the tongue from lisping, the mouth from snuffling, the teeth from chattering, the throat from rattling, the weasan from stiffing, the stomach from womblying, the heart from swelling, the belly from wincing, the guts from rumbling, the hands from shivering, the sinews from shrinking, the veins from crumpling, the bones from aching, the marrow from soaking, and truly it is a sovereign liquor if it be orderly taken."
The first whiskey distillery to gain a licence to produce was the Old Bushmills distillery, granted by James I in 1608.
The first records of a fermented grain based drink dates back to the 2nd millenium BC, in Mesopotamia. But Irish monks in the 13th century were the first to record the whiskey distillation process. The oldest distillery is in Bushmills, Ireland. Almost a century later it was brought to Scotland and they created Scotch, a whiskey made with malt barley, wheat and rye.
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