Corn, Rye (or wheat), Malted Barley. Needs to be at least 51% corn and the percentages of the other grain will differ from each distillery.
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The phrase "American bourbon" is redundant; by law, bourbon must be made in the United States to be called bourbon. Most bourbon has no wheat. A typical bourbon mash includes corn, rye, and malted barley. The legal requirement is a minimum 51% corn. Everything else is optional. Malted barley is used in small amounts (5%-15%) to aid in fermentation. Without it, enzymes need to be added to start fermentation. Rye is the more common flavoring grain. Wheat is more expensive (as a grain) but is used by a few bourbon brands, notably Maker's Mark, Weller, Fitzgerald, and the Van Winkle bourbons.
Barley
The grains used in the mash for each kind of whisk(e)y, production location, and other legal requirements if there are any.
More than 50% of the grain is used to feed cattle in the US. So most of the grain in the US is used to make meat.
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you could use grain alcohol, 100 proof vodka or wild turkey bourbon
Yes, Both. In fact, Makers Mark is the only widely available Kentucky bourbon to be made with a MAJORITY of its grain as wheat, as opposed to the others which mostly are rye.
Mills are used to grind grain into flour which is used for cooking.
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