The first chair of the first violin section is called the concertmaster or concertmistress. They are considered to be the leader of the orchestra. The conductor can play any instrument.
There is always a clarinet. Oboes and bassoons are the double-reed instruments.
Usually 2 to 4.
The tuba is the biggest brass instrument used in a symphony orchestra. (There are some very rare special pieces of music where a composer might call for an instrument that is not normally in an orchestra. For example, there is a family of brass instruments called ophicleides that were used in the 1800's, and those came in many sizes, including ones as big as the tuba.)
The Philippine Philharmonic Ochestra has 66 regular members.
1647 seats in the Liverpool Philharmonic, including disabled seats and side seats.
A baton
It varies greatly, could be as few as around 12 or as many as 40. The type of music and the conductor determines this.
100
Los Angeles Philharmonic was created in 1919.
The Greek word for "Philharmonic" is "φιλόμουσος".
カラオケ (karaoke)