Odysseus goes to the underworld and sacrifices a black lamb. The blood of the sacrifice draws spirits to Odysseus, including Tiresias. Odysseus guards the blood with his sword from the other spirits before Tiresias arrives.
After leaving for Troy from their home of Ithaca, Odysseus next sees his mother in the land of the dead.
Using the Resurrection Stone, yes, he is able to see their spirits.
He was warned about the Sirens by one of the spirits he met in the underworld.
Odysseus learns from the spirits in Hades that he must navigate several challenges to reach his homeland, Ithaca. He also learns about the fate of his comrades who died during the Trojan War and the consequences of his actions.
Odysseus defeats Polyphemus by tricking him to drink a heavy wine with made him fall into a deep sleep; after that Odysseus and his men stuck the cyclops's own club into his eye so he would not be able to see the warriors escape.
There is no evidence to confirm nor refute the claim that infants see spirits.
Odysseus is able to string his bow, after all the suitors have tried and failed. Odysseus is also able to win Penelope's heart, kill all the suitors, and have the love and respect of the gods, in particular Athena.
No.
Odysseus went to Ismarus, land of the Cicones, because it was on his way home, and his men were still in great spirits after the victory at Troy. There they took the wives and much booty.
Odysseus defeats the sea monster guy
Odysseus believes that not being able to see would hurt the cyclops the worst. He does not want to kill the cyclops because then nobody would be able to roll away the huge stone blocking the cave entrance. He decides that they must blind the monster.