It is the measure of nutrients that a given diet provides relative to the energy it provides. The more nutrients and less kcalories a diet provides the higher is its nutrient density. For example, a can of cola and a handful of grapes may both give the same amount of Kcal but grapes provides us other nutrients too. Therefore, Grape is more nutrient dense then cola.
Mathematically, it is calculated as:
Nutrient density = (% of nutrient supplied) / (% of Kcal supplied)
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The Aggregate Nutrient Density Index (ANDI) score, developed by Dr. Joel Fuhrman, measures calcium; the carotenoids beta carotene, alpha carotene, lutein, zeaxanthin, and lycopene; fiber; folate; glucosinolates; iron; magnesium; niacin; selenium; vitamins B1 (thiamin), B2 (riboflavin), B6, B12, C, and E; and zinc, plus the ORAC score X 2. Most importantly, the ANDI scores are based on calories, not volume or weight of food, so a lower-calorie food with more nutrients scores higher than a calorie-dense food.
It refers to things that have a relatively good supply of nutrients without many empty, non-nutritious components.