Free oxygen
Free oxygen
In the presence of an oxidizing agent, organic compounds would not be able to assemble spontaneously. Oxidizing agents would break down organic molecules rather than allowing them to assemble.
absolutely
RNA polymerase is the enzyme that uses one strand of DNA as a template to assemble nucleotides into a strand of RNA during transcription.
Yes, nitrogenous bases, ribose sugars, and phosphates can self-assemble to form nucleotides, the building blocks of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA. The nitrogenous base binds to the ribose sugar, and a phosphate group can then attach to the sugar to form a nucleotide. These nucleotides can further assemble to form DNA or RNA strands through complementary base pairing.
Nucleotides polymerize by forming phosphodiester bonds between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another, creating a chain. This process is catalyzed by enzymes called polymerases. The resulting polymer is called a nucleic acid, such as DNA or RNA.
The process of forming a strand of messenger RNA from individual nucleotides is called transcription. During transcription, an enzyme called RNA polymerase helps to assemble the nucleotides in the correct sequence based on the DNA template.
Scientists have learned that under certain conditions, simple organic molecules can form spontaneously from inorganic compounds. They have also observed that these molecules can self-assemble into more complex structures when exposed to energy sources such as lightning or UV radiation. While these experiments offer insights into the plausibility of life arising from nonliving materials, the exact process by which life originated on Earth remains a topic of ongoing research and debate.
DNA nucleotides 'code' for RNA copies of the DNA strand, but the true 'coding' of nucleotides happen in the ribosome where amino acids are matched to the RNA nucleotides. Nucleotides in DNA are only are present to store genetic data. When a particular gene needs to be used or a protein needs to be made, a RNA copy of the DNA will be made, using the slightly different RNA nucleotides (adenine, uracil, cytosine and guanine). This copy then leaves the nucleus and travels to the ribosome, where the RNA nucleotides are used to assemble amino acids into proteins. Each amino acid matches up to a three-nucleotide sequence.
Yes, DNA contains codons, which are sequences of three nucleotides that encode for specific amino acids during protein synthesis. These codons are read by ribosomes and transfer RNA molecules to assemble the corresponding amino acids in the correct order to form proteins.
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