The word cobble means to mend or patch something (not just shoes). It appears in Middle English as cobelere, a man who mends shoes, but its earlier origins are obscure.
By the 1400s "to cobble" was to mend something poorly, indicating that cobblers were not considered to be skilled craftsmen like shoemakers.
Today the meaning has transferred to anyone making or mending shoes, but the medieval distinction was very marked.
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