It depends on how much higher you're talking about. Generally though, if both outputs are the same voltage, both power supplies are at the same voltage, both power supplies have connectors that use the same polarity and fit the plug, you should be OK.
Rechargeable batteries will use what power they need to recharge and a larger power supply just means that you have additional current available for use. The problam lies in the power supply being too large (we're assuming you're talking the `wall wart' type chargers) and they dissipate their excess in the form of heat. This could cause the power supply to literally melt down if it's too excessive.
If you're talking something like the oroginal being 100 milliamps and the replacement being 200-300 milliamps, you should be OK, but keep an eye on it for the first few charges just to make sure.
No, your universal alternating current direct current adapter will not mess up your electronic product. The rating that you find on the adapter is the maximum amount that you can draw from the device without damaging it. It is not like there is a surplus of current waiting to be used. The amount of current draw that it can produce is governed by the load demand. What you don't want to do is connect a device to the adapter that has a load higher that the rating of the adapter. Usually you can find the rating on the adapter rated in milli amps (ma) along with the output voltage. Also the load device will have what the amp draw is, also in milli amps.
No the higher voltage could damage the device connected to it.
Using a laptop AC adapter with a higher amperage rating should be safe, as the laptop will only draw the amount of current it needs. However, using an adapter with a much higher voltage could damage your laptop. Always match the voltage and polarity exactly, and ensure the amperage is equal to or higher than the original adapter.
It is not recommended to use a higher voltage adapter than what is specified for your device. Using a 13V adapter instead of a 12V adapter may damage your device due to overvoltage. It is best to use the adapter with the exact voltage and current specifications that are recommended by the manufacturer.
No, underpowering will not "power" the device, it will not run. You must get an adapter that is 6V and (2A or higher) will be ok as well.
No, you should not use a 5V DC 800mA adapter in place of a 6V DC 300mA adapter. The output voltage and current ratings of the adapter need to match those required by the device you are powering. Using an adapter with lower voltage or significantly higher current may damage the device. It's best to use an adapter that matches the specified requirements.
The amperage output on an adapter is the rating applied by the design manufacturer. Connecting a load that draws more that the design limit of the adapter will damage the adapter. As long as your connected load stays under the adapters rating there is no problem.
No, you cannot use a 12v halogen bulb with a 6v AC adapter. The voltage of the bulb must match the voltage of the adapter for them to work properly. Using a higher voltage bulb with a lower voltage adapter can cause the bulb to burn out or potentially damage the adapter.
Most probably you are using a AC (117V or 220V) to DC 6V converter adapter. If yes, then the answer is no, you cannot use a lower current rating for a device that draws more current. If you plug in a device that needs DC 6V 500 mA to an adapter that can only supply DC 6V 300mA, then the adapter could start sending higher than 6 volts current which may damage your equipment or overheat the adapter. If you are using a higher mA rating adapter, then it's okay. For more technical details, see: http://www.jaycar.com.au/images_uploaded/plugpack.pdf
For higher current applications you would need a power transformer, for lower current applications you would need an adapter transformer.
No, the wattage of the 12V AC 60W adapter is higher than the 12V AC 2A adapter. Using a higher wattage adapter can potentially damage your device due to excess power being delivered. It is important to match the voltage and current specifications of the adapter recommended for your device.
You should not use a power adapter with a higher voltage output than the input rating on the computer. It can cause damage to the computer and the battery. You can use a lower voltage. If you do and you are using your computer, it might not charge but it will prolong the time you have before it runs out. If you do not use it, then it will charge but slower than with the correctly rated power adapter.