Because they aren't organized the same way, there is no direct equivalent directory to System32 in Linux. The kernel image in Linux is typically stored in /boot, the system binaries are stored in /bin, and libraries are stored /lib and /usr/lib.
Traditionally in /usr/src/linux.
Usually they are stored in /dev
True.
Swap
That is the "swap partition." It is a dedicated space on the hard disk that fulfills the "swap" feature of virtual memory in Linux.
The user's name is stored in /etc/passwd and/or /etc/shadow. The user's data is stored in the /home directory.
The use of a Linux Virtual Machine is to run a copy of Linux on your current operation system. This will allow you to run various applications that only run on Linux.
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Swap partition
This is impossible to fully answer. Password hashes are "salted" in Linux. This means, among other things, that the stored value for the same password can vary significantly.
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