When activated, it prevents any computer function to modify scroll viewing itself at all costs, for example, a computer software can automatically scroll up a page you're viewing, but when this lock is activated, neither the software has the ability to do scrolling itself without your consent.
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The scroll lock function on some keyboards can have several different functions. Some of these include placing a break in a document, lock scrolling, and it can toggle between number lock and caps lock.
Back in the days when there weren't any pictures on the computer screen, some programs used that key to allow you to "freeze" the screen for a time so that you had time to read the words.