In short, they are the following:
Central Processing Unit
A computer's central processing unit (CPU) is its active "brain." It performs arithmetic, compares data, and moves data to and from the other parts.
Memory
High speed, random access memory (RAM) is the CPU's "scratch pad." The CPU carries out programs loaded in RAM and manipulates data stored in RAM.
Buses
Most computers have several pathways to move data from RAM to the CPU and other parts. These paths are called buses and they move hundreds of millions of data characters per second.
Input/Output devices
Keyboards, mice, displays and printers are all types of input/output (I/O) devices. Data flows from keyboards and mice through the buses and into the CPU and RAM. Results of calculations flow back to the display and printer.
Hard Disk
A hard disk drive (HDD) is the computer's long-term "filing cabinet." It stores all your files and programs.
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