The Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS) defines the main directories and their contents in Linux operating systems
Filesystem Hierarchy Standard was created on 1994-02-14.
Filesystem Hierarchy Standard..... It is a tree like directory system, all Linux operating system use it....
Linux uses a unified filesystem structure that complies with the filesystem hierarchy standard, which, while not always immediately intuitive, is designed to make it an easier task of locating specific files on the system manually, and also to allow software written for it to be able to predict where its needed files are kept.
Only when sharing the filesystem with another Linux system that uses an older filesystem such as ext2.
For the purpose of this question, I'll stick to file systems that Linux natively supports and can boot off of.FAT12FAT16FAT32X-FAT (used on the Xbox)Minixextext2ext3ReiserFSReiser4JFSXFS
Assuming you have the filesystem mounted, the "mount" command can tell you every mounted filesystem and its type.
What was created to define a standard directory structure and common file loc
This is dependent on what filesystem is in use. The de facto standard filesystem in Linux is ext4, which supports up to 255 characters on its filenames. But if you are using something else it's better to look it up on Wikipedia.
Linux is an operating system much like Microsoft Windows is. What mounting on this system mean is an additional filesystem was attached to the existing filesystem.
This is fiercely dependent on your filesystem, but since the de facto standard filesystem for now is ext4, the typical maximum is 255 characters. It's not going to be practical to go over every filesystem Linux supports, so I'll just say read the manual.
There is none. Oh, sure, various filesystems have their limits, but Linux isn't limited to the use of just one filesystem.