Root can refer to either the superuser, a user who can "do anything". or the base of the file system hierarchy.The base of the file system is "/", and subdirectories are placed under it, such as /bin or 'boot.
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Root is the super user with unrestricted privileges on the system. Similar to the "Administrator" account in Windows.
The root partition is the disk partiton with the mount point of the root directory /.
It's the base for everything, almost like C:/ is the root in Windows.