A fileserver is a computer that operates as a server (i.e. runs server software such as MS Windows Server 2003) used to archive files (documents, photos, etc.) in a central location rather than being saved on a local desktop computer. This allows the files to be backed up on a regular basis as well as allowing for the files to be shared if desired. Novell Netware was one of the original Server Operating Systems (and/or Network Operating Systems) that implemented the concept of "fileserver". Side-note: In corporate networks individual employee desktop computers are often setup with a "network" drive. This disk space is sometimes allocated onto a fileserver. During the early days of local area networks (LAN) hard-drives were expensive; in order to keep costs down, servers were used that would have large, very fast hard-drives where anyone could store files thus reducing the cost of putting large hard-drives on every desktop or workstation.
An URL is an Uniform Resource Locator. It shows your browser where to look for a specific resource. If that resource is a webpage (which it mostly is) it starts with "http://". However it can also be a fileserver it will then start with "ftp://" or if its a network resource it will start with "\"
architecture
The geometric arrangement of a network is called Topology.
a home group or work group
network services
its just called a network enabled computer or server or a workgroup and this if it configured to work
AD-HOC network
Network Location
It's called a network card (interface).
The "Network Location".
protocol