Can you provide an example of a two-way set associative cache system and explain how it functions?
In a two-way set associative cache system, the cache is divided into sets, with each set containing two cache lines. When data is requested, the system first checks the set where the data should be located. If the data is found in the cache, it is a cache hit and the data is retrieved quickly. If the data is not in the cache, it is a cache miss and the system fetches the data from the main memory and stores it in one of the cache lines in the set, replacing the least recently used data if necessary. This design allows for faster access to frequently used data while still providing some flexibility in managing cache space.