The best way, I think to answer that is to define what a computer (or in this case the motherboard of the computer) needs to find or identify a hard disk.
A hard disk needs a power source, a connector to attach it to the motherboard, and a controller to talk to the microprocessor of the computer. If any of these things fail the hard disk will not function and the computer will not recognize it.
In general when you see the message "hard disk not found" its because the computer can't recognize the hard disk. This can be from a bad cable (that connects the hard disk to the motherboard), no power to the hard disk, or a failed controller. In my experience, its usually a bad cable but there are times when the hard disk itself will fail. Generally, hard disk cables are far more fragile than hard disks.
it means hard drive port is not working properly.
Assuming by 'GB' you mean hard drive space, the model of computer makes no difference. You need to go to 'My Computer' to check the amount of space on your hard drive.
A file in C means a file found in your computer's C Drive. Start > My Computer > C Drive
If you mean physically - the computer is missing, or there is a space inside where the hard-drive once was.
The cache size is refers to the size of buffer on the hard drive. The bigger the the buffer, the less the hard drive has to access the drive. Also it improves the time that the computer needs to access data from the drive.
Depending on what do you mean by "going bad". just so you know, the slowest component of the computer is it's hard drive (because it's mechanical) , therefore, a bad hard drive will probably slow things down.
if you mean the hard drive then yes it can.
A computer's internal storage is the computer's internal hard drive(s). If the computer has a large internal storage at its base it will perform faster and more efficiently than a computer with less hard drive space, a large hard drive is good for gaming on a PC as well as storing and enjoying various other media such as downloaded movies, music, and books.
The hard drive can store 1 TB. That is BIG. Edit: To actually answer the question - TB is short for 'Terabyte' or 1024 gigabytes.
If you mean file system, it could be a number of things, on "my computer" or "[Your Computers Name]'s computer" on a Mac, right click your main hard drive and select properties, and it should be under "file system". If you are regarding the "root" of the computer, it is the main hard drive.
Of course, copy all your programs and files you need from the old hard drive and put it on your new hard drive BEFORE formatting the old hard drive. Formatting your hard drive will mean losing everything and a slim chance of getting it all back.
Hard drive encryption refers to the coding which is on every computer hard drive. It is the codes that allow the information to be hidden from hackers online.