There are a number of terms relating to processor speed. The most common frequency is simply the clock frequency. There are others such as a PLL frequency that can be used to multiply the clock frequency and instruction cycle frequency that is usually lower than the basic clock frequency.
In all cases, the processor data sheet or the mother board data sheet will identify the name of the frequencies to which it refers.
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This, on a modern PC and on many small microprocessor chips, is set by a frequency multiplier and a crystal. The crystal vibrates like a tuning fork at some high rate, such as 133 MHz. The CPU has a built in multiplier that can multiply this frequency by 4, 8, 16 or other multipliers set by the manufacturer of the CPU (sometimes accessible by the user for "overclocking" purposes). This gives the final speed for the processor, like 1.7GHz, 2.13GHz or 3.58GHz.
The Processor or (CPU) is used to measure the transmission speed of electronic devices.