Generally, a MIDI instrument is an input device. It takes the musical data from the user who plays it. Playing the instrument sends input into the computer. However, depending on the instrument, such as if the instrument is standalone, it can possibly be used as an output device as well. Files stored on the computer could cause the instrument to play. So some are strictly input devices and some are I/O devices.
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The keyboard is a input the monitor is an output. derr
A music keyboard can be considered both, as you input by hitting keys and the output you receive is sound.
Input. Input devices are defined as anything that delivers information to a computer, an output will display it in a readable form to humans (like a monitor or speakers).