Excel is part of the Microsoft Office program. It is a spreadsheet, useful for keeping numerical data. The same program has another part called Access, which is a database, useful for manipulating data of all kinds in various ways.
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Not necessarily. If a spreadsheet is laid out as a table, then it can be used as a database. Excel has lots of database functions and capabilities. Many spreadsheets have elements that are tables but also have parts that are laid out in different ways. It is possible to take the tables and transfer them to database programs, like Access, but Excel itself is not considered to be an electronic database.
No, that would be Microsoft Access. It is possible to do a lot of databasing things with it, as it has many of the facilities a database uses. However, it is primarily a spreadsheet program.