The main components are:
Motherboard - the 'brains' of the computer - holding the CPU, memory and various sockets and chips.
RAM - the temporary 'memory' - which is wiped when the power is turned off
Hard-drive - a mass-storage device containing all the computer programs the user wants to use. It's contents are not wiped when power is turned off.
Optical drive - an input/output device that can be used to read data from the computer to be used on another machine - or be used to load programs onto the computer.
Video card - to provide an image for the operator to see what the computer is doing.
Power supply - which steps down the mains to a more usable voltage for the computer to use.
There are other minor components - but those are the main ones.
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The primary components are the motherboard, CPU and RAM, a power supply unit (PSU) as well as one or more internal storage devices (e.g., hard-drives) and optical drives (CD/DVD/Blu-Ray recorders). There may be other peripheral components attached to the motherboard such as PCI express graphics cards, audio cards, or other expansion devices to increase connectivity. The overall weight is dependent on the components and the size of the tower itself. A small lightweight tower with minimum hardware could weigh as little as 5Kg. A large heavyweight tower could weigh as much as 10Kg or more.