The Mayan civilization was composed of city-states.
Insects communicate with each other by sensory.
I do not know how Jaguars communicate with each other. They might growl or purr.
They communicate with each other through Canalicili Extensions.
Penguins communicate by touhing each other, or feeling each other
they hit each other
Salamanders communicate with each other by visual ways. They also secrete a chemical that other salamanders can smell as a way to communicate.
They communicate with each other by sharing their ideas and maybe talk about their experiments together or writing to each other
by talking to each other
Non-sentient objects do not communicate.
Caribou communicate by snorting or grunting :>)
Octopus communicate with each other by the movement of their body and the change of body colors.