Information is needed for decision making at all levels of management.
Managers at different organizational levels make differenct types of decisions, control different types of processes, and have different information needs.
Three classical levels of management include:strategic
tactical (middle)
operational.
Information is needed for decision making at all levels of management.Managers at different organizational levels make differenct types of decisions, control different types of processes, and have different information needs.Three classical levels of management include:strategictactical (middle)operational.
Refers to the Internal Politics within an Organisation between the different levels of the organisation. (Top, middle/lower Management and the employee's)
Indian Navy welcomes all citizens with all types of qualifications at different levels of Organisation.
The need for sales organization is to help in sales and marketing. Organization structure show the different levels of management.
Managers at different levels of the organization have different information needs to better manage the tasks that are in front of them. Low-level managers, for example, do not need information about financial specifics of a company, because it is not their job to manage finances.
A merger is when two companies are selling different produces. It happens when the companies are on different levels.
Strategic management level Tactical management level Operational management level Consider information required by different departments at different levels as above i.e human resource department, financial department, marketing department, production/operations department
Echelons
When developing an information management strategy within an organisation, it is useful to consider information needs on three levels: corporate team, division, business unit, etc individual The needs of each of these three levels must be met if a coordinated and effective solution is to be maintained in the long-term. Failure to address any one of the levels will lead to areas of the business or individuals finding their own solution, which may not fit well within the strategic goals of the organisation. These are not new ideas, but they will be explored in the context of intranets and other corporate information systems. Corporate At the top is the corporate information that is useful for the whole organisation. This 'global' information is generally fairly well addressed by the corporate intranet (even if the intranet itself needs improvement). Examples of corporate information include policies and procedures, HR information, online forms, phone directory, etc. Interestingly, there may be a limited amount of truly global information, and it may not deliver the greatest (measurable) business benefits. Team, division, business unit The middle level is perhaps the most interesting, as it covers all the information shared within teams, divisions, business units, etc. This information may be critical to the day-to-day activities of the group, but of little interest to the rest of the organisation. Examples include project documentation, business unit specific content, meeting minutes, etc. This level is generally poorly-served within organisations, although collaboration tools are increasingly being used to address team information needs. It is also being recognised that it is this 'local' information that may be the most valuable, in terms of driving the day-to-day activity of the organisation. Individual At the lowest level is the personal information needs of staff throughout the organisation. Examples include correspondence (both internal and external), reports and spreadsheets. In most organisations, staff must struggle with using e-mail to meet their information management needs. While staff generally recognise the inadequacy of e-mail, they have few other approaches or technologies at their disposal. Note that some organisations (such as consulting firms) are heavily dependent on personal information management amongst their staff. Managing the levels When managing the information within each of the three levels, consider the following: An information management solution must be provided for staff at each of the three levels. If corporate solutions aren't provided, then staff will find their own solutions. This is the source of poor-quality intranet sub-sites, and other undesirable approaches. A clear policy must be developed, outlining when each of the three levels applies, and how information should be managed within each level. Processes must be put in place to 'bubble up' or 'promote' information from lower levels up to higher levels. For example, some team-generated information will be critical for the whole organisation. As much as possible, a seamless information management environment should be delivered that covers all three levels.
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Plants are only having tissue level of organisation no organs
Information systems differ in their business needs. Also depending upon different levels in organization information systems differ. Three major information systems areTransaction processing systemsManagement information systemsDecision support systemsThe information needs are different at different organizational levels. Accordingly the information can be categorized as: strategic information, managerial information and operational information.Strategic information is the information needed by top most management for decision making. For example the trends in revenues earned by the organization are required by the top management for setting the policies of the organization. This information is not required by the lower levels in the organization. The information systems that provide these kinds of information are known as Decision Support Systems.