Yes, although you may need to use an older version of Linux. Give it a shot with the latest and greatest (Be sure to use the 32 bit version), Linux is fairly lightweight and the most modern version may not run too poorly on your older machine. If it won't install, just try an older version until it will install.
Linux will run on almost any type of processesor. Running "well" depends what UI is installed and what tasks are being performed.
Yes you can get the Latitude with a P4 installed.
Yes.
Very few programs are compiled specifically for the Pentium 4. This is because it makes the code unable to run, or perform worse, on other processors, such as a Pentium III, Athlon 64 X2, or Core Duo. Also, there have been several iterations of the Pentium 4, each adding new features, like SSE2 and HyperThreading. One example of a program compiled with some Pentium 4-specific optimizations is Swiftfox, a recompile of Firefox on Linux.
This depends on the motherboard / chipset, not the processor. Most Pentium 4s of that speed / era would probably only support DDR RAM.
pentium 4 more faster
Pentium 4 sockets were sockets numbers Socket 423 for early Pentium 4's. Then socket 478 for Pentium 4, Pentium 4 Extreme Edition and Celeron and socket T (LGA 775) for Pentium 4, Pentium D dual core, Celeron D and Pentium Extreme Edition.
As a whole, the Pentium 4 has a higher maximum performance than a Pentium III. The Pentium III performs the same as or better than Pentium 4 at the same clock speed, but the Pentium 4 has a higher max clock speed (which the Pentium 4 was designed for).
Pentium 4 with HT technology runs at the highest speed.
Pentium is a microprocessor made by Intel. It does not in itself measure anything, but applications can be installed on the OS for different types of measurement.
Pentium 4 is more powerful, and has SSE2 instructions. It is powered with HT technology.
how many transitors does the 2000 pentium chip contain