What is a fetch as a cycles in a CPU?
The first part of the instruction execution cycle is the fetch
cycle.
Tnstruction cycle Each computer's CPU can have different cycles
based on different instruction sets, but will be similar to the
following cycle:
1. Fetch the instruction
The next instruction is fetched from the memory address that is
currently stored in the Program Counter (PC), and stored in the
Instruction register (IR). At the end of the fetch operation, the
PC points to the next instruction that will be read at the next
cycle.
2. Decode the instruction
The decoder interprets the instruction. During this cycle the
instruction inside the IR (instruction register) gets decoded.
3.In case of a memory instruction (direct or indirect) the
execution phase will be in the next clock pulse.
If the instruction has an indirect address, the effective
address is read from main memory, and any required data is fetched
from main memory to be processed and then placed into data
registers(Clock Pulse: T3). If the instruction is direct, nothing
is done at this clock pulse. If this is an I/O instruction or a
Register instruction, the operation is performed (executed) at
clock Pulse.
4. Execute the instruction
The Control Unit of CPU passes the decoded information as a
sequence of control signals to the relevant function units of the
CPU to perform the actions required by the instruction such as
reading values from registers, passing them to the ALU to perform
mathematical or logic functions on them, and writing the result
back to a register. If the ALU is involved, it sends a condition
signal back to the CU.