Propagation time = 6 usec/km × 3000 km = 18 ms
Speed(T1) = 1.536 Mbps
Transmission time for a frame = 64byte × 8 / 1.536Mbps
= 0.3 ms
Total transmission time for a frame and its ack
= 2 × propagation time + transmission time for a frame
= 2 × 18ms + 0.3ms = 36.3ms
Window size = 36.3ms / 0.3ms = 121
As 27 = 128 > 121, so the sequence numbers should be 7 bits.
TCP is a protocol that uses those.
SNMP is structured communication protocol which follows TLV sequence.
The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a core protocol of the Internet protocol suite. The sequence number and acknowledgement number are used to confirm receipt of data.
To ensure data delivery.to ensure that data arrives at its destination in the proper sequence
A connection based protocol requires a technique known as hand-shaking. This means that every packet that is transmitted requires a response from the receiver indicating that they received the packet and that the packet arrived safely. There is a 3-way startup sequence to create a connection using handshaking protocol.
A sequence of precisely stated steps that describe how an experiment is done using the appropriate materials is called a protocol. It outlines the procedures, materials, and techniques required to conduct the experiment in a reproducible manner. Following a protocol ensures consistency and accuracy in scientific research.
flow control low overhead connectionless connection-oriented sequence and acknowledgements
Sound propagation refers to the way sound waves travel through a medium such as air, water, or solids. As sound waves move through a medium, they create changes in pressure that can be detected as sound by our ears. The speed and direction of sound propagation depend on factors such as the medium's properties and any obstacles in the wave's path.
maximum window size is the difference between highest available sequence number and send_base, knowing that send_base is the sequence number of sent and not yet acknowledged packet. window size= highest available sequence number-send_base=N. note that in GBN window cannot contains already acknowledged packet.
A company does not issue or publicise its interview questions with answers - They are in fact part of the HR protocol and these are used by the interviewers in random sequence's
3 bit stuffing is required
start bit signals receiver end to receive sequence of bits(data bits) and stop bit to signal the end of bit transmission.