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Azharuddin university of Malakand

Intermediary devices-

switches

Network switches or packet switches are devices that connect the various segments of a network, and their main function is switching packets of data. Also known as a network bridge, they switch processes and rout data at the level of the data link layer, which is second of the OSI model layers (concerned with physical addressing of data). A switch may also operate at the level of other OSI layers like the physical, network or transport layer. Multilayer switches act at different OSI layers simultaneously. Network switches play a vital role in the functioning of local area networks.

Routers

As its name suggests, a router is an intermediary device that regulates and routs data traffic between computer networks. It forwards data to various network destinations and controls flow of data between two or more logical subnets, which do not have the same network address in a large network. It selects the optimum path for data transfer between two points in a network. Routers are one of the most vital network devices that make data transmission possible.

Modem

A modem (modulator - demodulator) is an intermediary device that converts analog signals transferred over networks into digital signals and digital signals back to analog. They enable the transmission of digital data over analog mediums like telephone lines and optic fiber cables.

Wireless Access Points

A wireless access point (WAP) is an intermediary device in a network that connects various types of wireless communication devices to connect with wireless networks. The connectivity is made possible through 'Bluetooth' and 'Wi-Fi technologies'. It acts as an intermediary between wireless devices and wired devices that are part of a network.

Hub

Working at the physical layer of the OSI model, a hub is basically a connector between ethernet segments which also control the bandwidth sharing among connected computer terminals.

Repeater

Repeaters are network devices that carry out the task of maintaining signal strength over its transmission through a network. They regenerate data signals and amplify them for further transmission.

Firewall

A firewall is any hardware appliance or software designed to filter network traffic that passes through it according to certain criteria and trust levels set by the network administrator.

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