during post the very first work is done by the ram,all the memory in the ram is first transferred to the hard disk,and remains active until turned off.
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the computer component not tested by post rutine is the power supply
If you are talking about computer fans, then BIOS should have it. To get to BIOS, you must restart your computer, then before windows starts up (during POST) press 'Del' repeatedly.
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Anything that is not a UPS will not protect a computer during a blackout
it is the ROM . The ROM has firmware which controls the booting up of the computer during start up. The booting software, known as BIOS (Basic Input Output System) give instructions to the POST (Power On Self-Test) which then runs tests to on the computer to make sure that all the devices are well connected to the computer. Sometimes this process is so fast that when observed, it appears as if there is are no tests being run by the POST process.