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Where the instruction execution happens?
Different parts of instruction execution happen in different places:Control Unit - fetches, decodes, and distributes decoded instructions to other units.Arithmetic Logic Unit - performs arithmetic and logic instructions on command from Control Unit.Input/Output Unit(s) - performs input/output instructions on command from Control Unit.Memory Unit - stores instructions and data, transfers them to/from other units on command from Control Unit.
What is the computers 'thinking work' done in?
The basic computer has two parts: Random Access Memory (RAM) and a Central Processing Unit (CPU) RAM is a place where many bytes are stored. One of the things that can be stored in RAM is a series of "instructions" that tell the CPU what to do. The series of instructions is called a "program." The CPU "fetches" one instruction from RAM, "executes" that instruction, then fetches and executes the next one, and so on. That is all that computers do. Whether that qualifies as "thinking" is a very controversial question.
What are the four distinct actions that a machine instruction can specify?
• The processor fetches the instruction from memory • Program counter (PC) holds address of the instruction to be fetched next • PC is incremented after each fetch • Fetched instruction loaded into instruction register
What is the impact of a cache miss penalty on the performance of a computer system?
A cache miss penalty occurs when the CPU needs data that is not in the cache memory, causing a delay as it fetches the data from the slower main memory. This delay can significantly impact the performance of a computer system by slowing down processing speed and increasing latency in executing tasks.
Why does data need to be stored?
"For later use" would be the quickest answer. The data stored maybe the result of an operation, it maybe the address of where to store the result or instruction. In your computer there is a starting point. The computer loads an address where initial instructions are located. These instruction usually flushes the memory, takes inventory of its Basic Input Output System and must remember if it is to communicate anything. Usually in typical PCs, it checks itself out- where is the memory, how much memory, devices connected (printer, display, disks etc). Dependent of many things, particularly the clock, it fetches instructions on how to read the disk and get instructions & data. If data is erased or changed prior to a execution, the computer may not function well due to bad data such as erroneous instruction, crazy & random addresses ... most likely the program will create an error condition so the CPU twiddles its thumbs in a random manner billions of times.
