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It is the brand name of Microsoft series of operating systems (e.g. windows 3.1, windows 95, windows 98, windows 98 second edition, windows 2000 windows xp, windows vista). Operating systems like Microsoft windows provides a framework that allow other software that can run on it, to be able to interact with each other, the computer hardware and the user who is using the computer
Historically speaking, any computer that is connected to a public network and running a Microsoft Windows operating system is more vulnerable to attack than any other operating system. Particularly, out of date, and unpatched versions of windows are worse off than otherwise. This is due to several factors - Windows Operating Systems usually have more security vulnerabilities than other operating systems do, but mostly they are more vulnerable because of the popularity of windows. There are many more people using Windows than other Operating Systems, so there is more incentive for hackers to target it.
to control the system
Apple's Macintosh computers use Apple's operating system known as OSX. The current version is OSX 10.8.#. Macintosh computers can also run the Windows and Linux operating systems, but those systems are not included in the purchase of the computer.
An operating system is software that resides between user applications and hardware. It's job is to manage hardware resources and allocate them to the user applications through processes such as memory management and process scheduling.