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How does a nor gate work?
A series of NAND gates tied together.
What is a binary flip flop?
A binary flip flop is a collection of 4 NAND gates arranged in specific circuit to allow it preserve state. The first two NAND gates use an external voltage as their first input and themselves as their second input; where as the second set of NAND gates use the first pair of gates output as their first input, and themselves as their second input.
What is the role of logic ates in compute hardware Differentiate between NAND gate and NOR gate also draw truth tables for each?
"What is the role of logic gate in computer hardware?"Think of a computer as a box with a number of electrical signals coming in to it and a number going out of it. Immediately inside the box, associated with those signal wires, is some specialized circuitry whose purpose is (generally) to translate between the idiosyncratic electrical characteristics of the outside world signaling and the consistent internal representation of those signals as Boolean expressions. Everything else inside - everything - is built out of logic gates. So they are pretty fundamental. They are used in several roles:- as memory cells, e.g. in RAM or ROM- controling information flow, e.g. the PCI or DDR3 bus control circuitry- as elements of the computing engine itself--- The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)--- The Working Register Array--- the Instruction Decode and Execution Unit--- the Memory Management Unit (MMU)Waaay back, in the 50's if not the 40's or earlier, when a lot of the basic work on mechanising Boolean Algebra was done, a very smart guy had a startling revelation: every Boolean computational circuit you would ever want to build could be constructed using only 2 input NAND gates. This lemma is known (in CS) as the Schmidt Orthogonality Principle. To make a practical computing device, the only other element you need is a means of harnessing time to provide sequential stepping controls. This takes some specialized circuitry, but also is a very tiny component of the over-all system - the System Clock.As to the specifics of NAND gates - and NOR gates, and so on, they obey very simple rules:For f(A,B) = ~(A & B),f(0,0) = 1f(0,1) = 1f(1,0) = 1f(1,1) = 0For f(A,B) = ~(A + B),f(0,0) = 1f(0,1) = 0f(1,0) = 0f(1,1) = 0In English,- the NAND output is TRUE iff any of its inputs are FALSE- the NOR output is FALSE iff any of its inputs are TRUE(NB: the term 'iff' means 'if and only if' - it is not a typo)As an exercise for the reader, given the Schmidt Orthogonality Principle, how would you build a 2 input NOR gate functionality using only 2 input NAND gates? XOR? Full Adder?All other functional blocks are built out of these primitives. Millions of them, in today's computers. A NAND gate can be implemented with 1 transistor having 2 (or more) emitters for the inputs, and 1 more transistor for the inverting output. Real circuits have a few more components, but those are for dealing with the realities that the circuits have to obey essentially analog physics yet behave as though they are digitial.
What are some effective solutions for designing a NAND game?
Effective solutions for designing a NAND game include creating engaging levels with increasing difficulty, incorporating clear instructions and tutorials for players, implementing intuitive controls, providing feedback and rewards for player progress, and testing the game thoroughly to ensure a smooth and enjoyable gameplay experience.
Who invented the usb stick?
The inventor of the USB Flash drive is disputed by several companies, but most recognize Dov Moran of M-Systems (now owned by SanDisk) as the inventor.The USB Flash Drive was introduced in 1998. The USB interfaced NAND memory was invented by Dov Moran. He worked for M-Systems, where the very first Flash Drive was manufactured.Netac and Trek2000, Ltd. developed similar porducts about the same time. All three companies, M-Systems, Netac and Trek2000, have very similar and hotly disputed patents.The first Flash Drive was manufactured and distributed in Europe under the "disgo" brand name. It was only available in four sizes; 8MB, 16MB, 32MB, and 64MB. The first distributor in North America was IBM.The history of flash drives is brief, but here's what we know so far. The birth of the flash drive is credited to Dr. Fujio Masuoka. He invented NOR and NAND Flash Memory while working for Toshiba. The release of the first removable drive was in 1984, using Masuoka's NOR Flash Memory. It was in 1984 when he invented NOR Flash Memory, which is the predecessor to NAND Flash Memory.
How many NAND gates are required to obtain AND operation?
by multiplying two NAND gates
How OR gates can be realized using NAND gates?
Next: Boolean Expressions Up: Universality of certain gates Previous: Universality of certain gates ContentsUsing NAND gatesNOTFigure 12.10: Realizing a NOT gate using a NAND gateOR The following statements are called DeMorgan's Theorems and can be easily verified and extended for more than two variables.(12.1)(12.2)(12.3)(12.4)In general: (12.5)Thus :(12.6)Now it is easy to see that , which can be checked from the truth table easily. The resulting realization of OR gate is shown in 12.11Figure 12.11: Realization of OR gate by NAND gatesAND gateFigure 12.12: Realization of AND gate by NAND gatesX-OR gate(12.7)Clearly, this can be implemented using AND, NOT and OR gates, and hence can be implemented using universal gates.Figure 12.13: X-OR gateX-NOR gate(12.8)Again, this can be implemented using AND, NOT and OR gates, and hence can be implemented using universal gates, i.e., NAND or NOR gates.Figure 12.14: X-NOR gateNext: Boolean Expressions Up: Universality of certain gates Previous: Universality of certain gates Contentsynsingh 2007-07-25
How OR gate can be realized using NAND gates?
Next: Boolean Expressions Up: Universality of certain gates Previous: Universality of certain gates ContentsUsing NAND gatesNOTFigure 12.10: Realizing a NOT gate using a NAND gateOR The following statements are called DeMorgan's Theorems and can be easily verified and extended for more than two variables.(12.1)(12.2)(12.3)(12.4)In general: (12.5)Thus :(12.6)Now it is easy to see that , which can be checked from the truth table easily. The resulting realization of OR gate is shown in 12.11Figure 12.11: Realization of OR gate by NAND gatesAND gateFigure 12.12: Realization of AND gate by NAND gatesX-OR gate(12.7)Clearly, this can be implemented using AND, NOT and OR gates, and hence can be implemented using universal gates.Figure 12.13: X-OR gateX-NOR gate(12.8)Again, this can be implemented using AND, NOT and OR gates, and hence can be implemented using universal gates, i.e., NAND or NOR gates.Figure 12.14: X-NOR gateNext: Boolean Expressions Up: Universality of certain gates Previous: Universality of certain gates Contentsynsingh 2007-07-25
The OR gate can be converted to the NAND function by adding----gate to the input of the OR gate?
Next: Boolean Expressions Up: Universality of certain gates Previous: Universality of certain gates ContentsUsing NAND gatesNOTFigure 12.10: Realizing a NOT gate using a NAND gateOR The following statements are called DeMorgan's Theorems and can be easily verified and extended for more than two variables.(12.1)(12.2)(12.3)(12.4)In general: (12.5)Thus :(12.6)Now it is easy to see that , which can be checked from the truth table easily. The resulting realization of OR gate is shown in 12.11Figure 12.11: Realization of OR gate by NAND gatesAND gateFigure 12.12: Realization of AND gate by NAND gatesX-OR gate(12.7)Clearly, this can be implemented using AND, NOT and OR gates, and hence can be implemented using universal gates.Figure 12.13: X-OR gateX-NOR gate(12.8)Again, this can be implemented using AND, NOT and OR gates, and hence can be implemented using universal gates, i.e., NAND or NOR gates.Figure 12.14: X-NOR gateNext: Boolean Expressions Up: Universality of certain gates Previous: Universality of certain gates Contentsynsingh 2007-07-25
What is the definition of universal gate?
universal gates are the ones from which we can design other gates also. for eg. NAND and NOR gates. they help in forming the uniformity in the circuits.
Why NOR gates are preferred to NAND gates in program logic array systems when implemented as an ic?
electron mobility in nand 3 times more tat of nor gate. This makes nand faster than nor.
What are the advantages of nand gate?
because it is an universal gate that control and repairs other gates.
How many gates you can make using universal gates?
Seven gates, they are: not, and, or, nor, nand, xor, xnor.
Minimum Number of NAND gates required to realize the function AB?
A&B = ((A&B)')' So two, it would go a - | ==NAND--=NAND-- b - | By using two NAND gates back-to-back, you can create a normal AND gate.
How nand gate acts as a universal gate?
A universal gate is a gate which can implement any Boolean function without need touse any other gate type.The NAND and NOR gates are universal gates.In practice, this is advantageous since NAND and NOR gates are economical andeasier to fabricate and are the basic gates used in all IC digital logic families.In fact, an AND gate is typically implemented as a NAND gate followed by aninverter not the other way around!!Likewise, an OR gate is typically implemented as a NOR gate followed by an inverternot the other way around!!A universal gate is a gate which can implement any Boolean function without need touse any other gate type.The NAND and NOR gates are universal gates.In practice, this is advantageous since NAND and NOR gates are economical andeasier to fabricate and are the basic gates used in all IC digital logic families.In fact, an AND gate is typically implemented as a NAND gate followed by aninverter not the other way around!!Likewise, an OR gate is typically implemented as a NOR gate followed by an inverternot the other way around!!can be combined to produce AND, OR,NOT,XORand XNOR gates
Why NOR gate is called universal gate?
That title of "Universal Gate" is reserved for NAND gates because you can build all possible logic using only NAND logic . You can build even other basic logic like AND, OR and NOT using NAND.
How many NAND gates are required to obtain OR gate?
two nand gates
