Microprocessor
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Computer chips are made from silicon and sand that has a high quartz content. Computer chips help to store computer memory.
A processor (if you are talking about the CPU (central processing unit)) consists of numerous transistors--sometimes millions. An Intel Pentium D has 230,000,000. There are no microprocessors in it since it is a microprocessor in and of itself.A microprocessor doesn't have to be a CPU, but can have a specific function such as graphics processing, sound processing, or FPU (floating-point unit). Of course, many of these separate microprocessors are no longer independent chips.
Silicon
Silicon is used in the manufacture of computer chips.
Computer chips are made with Silicon (metal). Glass, however, is made from Silica (sand) which sounds similar, but is actually quite different.