Network topology is the physical design of a LAN which resolves the conflict that occurs between computers on the network attempting to transmit at the same time. Whereas protocols are the standards used by networks to permit communication between network-connected devices. -s74
Replicated services can be implemented as process groups. Member processes use group communication protocols to communicate amongst themselves and group membership protocols to determine what processes are in the group. These protocols can provide various levels of consistency between members. The author investigates weak consistency protocols that guarantee that messages are delivered to all members, but do not guarantee when. He reports on a new family of communication protocols, an associated group membership mechanism, and current progress in evaluating their efficiency and utility for real applications.
-Unacknowledged connectionless service consists of having the source machine send independent frames to the destination machine without having the destination machine acknowledged. Most LAN's use this service. -Acknowledged connectionless service in this service there are no logical connections used but each frame sent individually acknowledged. In this way the sender knows whether a frame has arrived correctly. It is useful on wireless systems.
what is difference between communication and transport
difference between ip address and class
'Perceptual' refers to something that exists and can be sensed. 'Conceptual' refers to things that do not exist, but can be thought of in one's mind.
Interior routing protocols are used to communicate within a single autonomous system. Exterior routing protocols are used to communicate between multiple autonomous systems.
A procedure is a set way to do something. A step by step process. Protocols are guidelines only on how to do something.
Conceptual designs attempts to identify the highest level of relationships between entities. Conceptual designs include only important entities. Physical design helps in converting the logical design into the physical form.
Classless protocols send a subnet mask with each route advertisement
Theoretical literature is scholarly writing or academic writing. Conceptual literature means articles or books that are written by authorities who give their ideas or opinions.
The difference is that some of the questions at the end of the chapter have changed order.
conceptual model :A conceptual model uses idea to suggest what system is or how it works.A physical model : A physical model might be a scale model , either larger or smaller than the actual system it represents.
I don't know, sorry but go to ask.com, that website might have an answer
The main difference between a CD driver and a DVD driver have to do with the protocols that operated individual programs.
Communication protocols are the rules than govern use of different types of media.
the overall logical data base description is referred to as a schema. it is sometimes also referred to as an overall modal of the data, a conceptual modal of the data, a conceptual schema