For a typical, fivee axle combination (three axles on the power unit, two axles on the trailer), it's 18.
They don't have inner tubes - those are tubeless tires.
Steering wheels aren't pressurized.If you mean the steer tires, it varies by manufacturer and model.. for a run-of-the mill steer tire for a five axle unit, such as a 275/80R22.5 or 11R225., it'll usually either be 105 or 110 PSI.
As often as they require replacement. If the trailer or drive tires get to 2/32nds, replace them. Steers have to be at least 4/32nds.
a lot
4/32 on steer axle.2/32 on all others
Using helium in tires would have a minimal impact on the weight of a semi-trailer. Helium is much lighter than air, but the amount of helium in the tires is very small compared to the overall weight of the trailer, so the difference in weight would be insignificant.
2,000,000
The load on the king pin on a semi trailer can be calculated by weighing the vehicle. When weighing the vehicle on a certified scale, the steers (front tires), drives (the two axles on the semi cab) and the tandems (the two axles on the trailer) are all weighed separately as a part of the whole weight. The king pin weight is the weight of the drives.
The total square footage inside a 53 foot semi trailer is about 3,400 square feet. This space can only be fully occupied if the semi truck and trailer weight combined is 80,000 pounds or less. Federal law regulates how much a loaded semi truck and trailer can weigh. There are also limits on axle weight to arrive at this total. It is 12,000 for steer tires, 34,000 for drives, and 34,000 for tandem axles.
Most trailers are semi trailers. You're probably asking the difference between a semi trailer and a full trailer. A semi trailer is not wholly self supporting, and weight is distributed both the trailer axles, and to the tow vehicle. A full trailer supports its own weight fully.
You call it a semi because it pulls a semi trailer.A semi is a type of trailer. A semi-trailer, as opposed to a full trailer, means it only has axles at the rear of the trailer and a full trailer has axles at the front and rear of the trailer. We call these in the UK "drags", as in wagon and drag, where the wagon that pulls the drag can carry a load on its own, whereas the semi-trailer truck, or tractor unit cannot carry anything without a trailer.