A hinged window is called a casement window.
A table leaf is part of the table top that is hinged to fold down for storage.
A cat flap is a small opening in a door or wall that allows a cat to enter and exit a house freely. It often has a hinged flap that the cat can push open with its nose or paw.
It is also called an attached flap.
That is the 'flapper valve' in the bottom of most toilet tanks. This valve is pulled up when you flush, admitting water into the bowl.
The flap of skin at the elbow is called a wenus.
A cat flap or cat door is a hinged flap set into a door, wall or window to allow cats to enter and exit a house on their own without needing a human to open the door, while offering a degree of protection against wind and rain entering the dwelling. Dog doors similarly exist for dogs.
The flap on the inside of a paperback book is usually called the cover flap or dust jacket flap. It typically contains information such as a brief summary of the book, author bio, and publisher details.
The flap is called a wattle. A bright, big wattle is the sign of a healthy chicken
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It is called a "misericord."
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