UDL = Uniformly Distributed Load
UDSWL = Uniformly Distributed Safe Working Load
UDL describes the way in which a load or weight is spread across a shelf area. Imagine a fish tank exactly the same size as the shelf; as you fill it with water, it finds its' own level so the load transmitted to the shelf is uniformly distributed.
When a cantilever beam is loaded with a Uniformly Distributed Load (UDL), the maximum bending moment occurs at the fixed support or the point of fixation. In other words, the point where the cantilever is attached to the wall or the ground experiences the highest bending moment. A cantilever beam is a structural element that is fixed at one end and free at the other end. When a UDL is applied to the free end of the cantilever, the load is distributed uniformly along the length of the beam. As a result, the bending moment gradually increases from zero at the free end to its maximum value at the fixed support. The bending moment at any section along the cantilever can be calculated using the following formula for a UDL: Bending Moment (M) = (UDL × distance from support) × (length of the cantilever - distance from support) At the fixed support, the distance from the support is zero, which means that the bending moment at that point is: Maximum Bending Moment (Mmax) = UDL × length of the cantilever Therefore, the maximum bending moment in a cantilever beam loaded with a UDL occurs at the fixed support. This information is essential for designing and analyzing cantilever structures to ensure they can withstand the applied loads without failure.
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I assume this is a cantilever beam with one end fixed and the other free, the load starts at the free end and continues for 4.5 m if w is the load distribution then it has a force at centroid of 4.5 w acting at distance of (6.5 - 4.5/2 )from the end, or 4.25 m The max moment is 4.5 w x 4.25 = 19.125
Load bearing structures are structures where the loads are transferred to the foundation via load bearing walls(external and internal). These type of structures have a smaller window to walls ratio. Since the loads are borne by the walls the height of walls are limited. Framed structures are structures where the loads are transferred to the foundation via beams and columns. So beams and columns play a major role here. The loads in floor is transferred to the beams and then columns. These type structures can have large open areas in the walls. These type of structures can be adapted in high-rise buildings.
To convert a distributed load to a point load, you need to calculate the total load acting over the distributed area. This is done by multiplying the intensity of the distributed load by the area over which it is acting. Once you have the total load, you can then consider it as a point load acting at the centroid of the distributed area. This simplification allows for easier analysis and calculations in structural engineering and mechanics.